Umbra Octaviae

In vīllā cenebāmus. Pōculum hausī. Amīcī erant tacitī et fābulam exspectbant quod meās fābulās amābant. Fābulam formīdolōsam nārrāvī: "Vir ōlim vīvēbat, trēs nātōs habēbat - duo erant puerī et ūna erat puella. Puella erat Octāvia et quam pulchra erat! Multī puerī Octāviam ārdēbant. Quīntus quoque Octāviam amābat. Vīdit eam ūnō diē in forō: - "Quō is" - Quīntus rogāvit - "Ad meam vīllam eō" - puella respondit - "Vīsne domum venīre?" - "Nūllō modō" Quīntus erat īrātus. Cūr Octāviā eum aspernātus erat? Tum Octāvia ad vīllam revēnit. Sērō erat et dormītum iērunt. Nox erat et nūllae stēllae lūcēbant sed plēna lūna lūcēbat. Aliquid vīllam intrāvit. Nōn homō sed lupus. Ululāvit et puellam excitāvit. Valdē eam timuit. Subitō Octāvia tōtam rem intellēxit. Is nōn lupus sed versipellīs.Īrātus Quīntus versipellis erat. Quīntus frātrēs necāvit tum Octāviam necāvit. Octāvia mortua et umbra facta est. Nunc tamen Octāvia est in vīllā et necat omnēs quī intrant.

 

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi: IV coniugatio (Fourth conjugation present indicative)

Coniugatio IV (-ire - in infinitive form and -io in the first person singular present tense)

audio, audire, audivi, auditum - to listen to, to hear
venio, venire, veni, ventum - to come, to approach

Coniugatio III (-ere in infinitive and -io in the first person singular present tense)

facio, facere, faci, factum - to make
sapio, sapere, sapii, - - to understand, to have sense;



audire - infinitivus
audio - persona prima, singularis
audire > audi-re > audi

Sg                                                                                Pl
1. audi-o                                                                1. audi-mus
2. audi-s                                                                 2. iaud-tis
3. audi-t                                                                  3. audi-u-nt 

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi - Coniugatio III (Third conjugation present tense indicative)

Coniugatio III (-ere; short e);
lego, legere, legi, lectum - to read - III conj.
trado, tradere,tradidi, traditus - to deliver, to hand over - III conj
tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus - to bestow - III conj.
facio, facere, feci, factum to make - III conj.

Coniugatio II (-ere; long e)
video, videre, vidi, visus - to see - II conj.
faveo, favere, favi, fautum - to favour, to support, to encourage - II conj.

A/ Lego & trado type 

Legere - infinitivus

Lego - persona prima; singularis

Legere > leg-ere > leg

Sg:                                                                              Pl:

1. leg-o                                                               1. leg-i-mus

2. leg-i-s                                                              2. leg-i-tis

3. leg-i-t                                                                3. leg-u-nt

B/ tribuo type - the root ends in "u"

tribuere - infinitivus

tribuo - persona prima; singularis

tribuere> tribu-ere > tribu

Sg                                                                                  Pl:

1. tribu-o                                                            1. tribu-i-mus

2. tribu-i-s                                                           2. tribu-i-tis

3. tribu-i-t                                                            3. tribu-u-nt

C/ Facio type (thid conjugation -io type) (Pay close attention to these!!!)

facEre - infinitivus

facIO - persona prima; singularis

facere > fac-ere > fac

Sg                                                                                Pl:

1. faci-o                                                              1. fac-i-mus

2. fac-i-s                                                              2. fac-i-tis

3. fac-i-t                                                                3. faci - u -nt

* Third conjugation is the trickiest one for most of us who make our first steps in Latin. The first reason is that as I have shown above, it could be easily mistaken with the second conjugation. So ALWAYS check not only the infinitive in your dictionary, but the first person singular form of the verb. If you have both these forms before you then you would be able to tell the difference between second and third conjugation. 

** The IO type of verbs in third conjugation are another issue. They could look like IV conjugation too. Some label them as a type of irregular verbs which form 1st person singular and 3rd person plural as a fourth conjugation verb, but all their other forms - as a third conjugation verb. It's a good enough explanation so you can conjugate them properly. However, in my humble and novice opinion, the short "e" from the infinitive continues "to live" as an "i" if there is a vowel after it. That's why I have marked it as a part of the root  because it's not the same "i" which serves as a linking vowel and you can see in the whole conjugation. 

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi - Coniugatio II (Second conjugation verbs in present indicative)

Conigatio II ( -ere; long "e")

video, videre, vidi, visus - to see - Conigatio II
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus - to be on fire, to be in love - Coniugatio II
faveo, favere, favi, fautum - to favour, to support, to encourage - Coniugatio II

Coniugatio III (-ere; short "e")
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostensus - to reveal, to show - Conigatio III
 trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus - to deliver, to hand over - Conigatio III



videre - infinitivus
video - persona prima; singularis
videre > vide-re > vide


Sg.                                                                                      Pl.

1. vide-o                                                                        1. vide-mus
2. vide-s                                                                        2. vide-tis
3. vide-t                                                                         3. vide-nt



ardere - infinitivus
ardeo - persona prima, singularis
ardere > arde-re > arde


Sg                                                                                       Pl

1. arde-o                                                                        1. arde-mus
2. arde-s                                                                         2. arde-tis
3. arde-t                                                                         3. arde-nt

Verbum: Coniugatio I indicativus praesentis activi (First conjugation verbs in present indicative)

Amo, amare, amavi, amatus - to love

amare - infinitivus
amo - persona prima; singularis
amare > AMA - re > AMA 

Sg:                                                           Pl:
1. ama-o > am-o                                  1. ama -mus
2. ama -s                                           2. ama-tis
3. ama - t                                          3. ama-nt






dicto, dictare,  dictavi, dictatum - to dictate, to repeat

dictare - infinitivus
dicto - persona prima; singularis
dictare > DICTA - RE > DICTA


Sg:                                                                  Pl:

1. dicta-o > dict-o                                    1. dicta -mus
2. dicta-s                                              2. dicta - tis
3. dicta-t                                              3. dicta - nt

Prepositions that take the ablative

B/ Prepositions that take the ablative

ab, a - away from, by
absque - without, but for
coram - in the presence of
cum - with
de - from
ex,e - out of
prae - in comparison with
pro - in front of, for
sine - without
tenus - up to, as far as

These can take both the acc and abl and if they take the abl, they mean:
 in - in, on
sub - under
supra - concerning about
subter - under, below

Credit for the list:

 

Prepositions that take the accusative

They show relationship in space and time. Prepositions in Latin usually use accusative or ablative case. Some prepositions could be used with both the cases, but this changes their meaning.


A/ Prepositions that take the accusative

ad - towards
adversus - against
adversum - towards
ante - before
circa - around
circum - around
ciciter - about
cis, citra - this side
contra - against
erga - towards
extra - outside
infra - below
inter - among
intra - inside
iuxta - near
ab - on accounting of
penes - in the power of
pone - behind
per - through
post - behind
praeter - beyond
prope - near
propter - on account of
secundum - next to
supra - above
trans - accross
versus - towards


These can take both the acc and abl and if they take the acc, they mean:
 in - into, onto
sub - up to
supra- above, beyond
subter - over upon, under, below

Credit for the list:

 

Yes/No Questions

A/ -ne questions

Mercator est probus (The merchant is honest)
-Estne mercator probus? (Is the merchant honest?)

(Tu) me pulchram putas (You find me beautiful)
- Mene pulchram putas? (Do you find me beautiful?)

Lingam latinam amas (You love the Latin language)
- Linguam latinam amatisne (Do you love the Latin language?)

Recitas ((You) read)
- Recitasne? (Do you read) 

B/ How to form a question when you expect "yes"as an answer (Questions with nonne)

Iudex iustus est - The judge is just
-   Nonne iudex iustus est? (The judge is just, right?)

Pompeianus es - (You) are from Pompey
-Nonne pompeianus es? (Surely you are from Pompey, aren't you?)

Sanguis fluit - Blood is flowing
- Nonne sanguis fluit? (Blood is flowing, isn't it?) 

C/ Expect "no" as an answer (Questions with num)

Pompeianus es - (You) are from Pompey
-Num pompeianus es? (You aren't from Pompey, are you?)

Canes te terrent - The dogs frighten you
-Num canes te terrent? (The dogs surely don't frighten you, do they?)
  

 

Simple sentences

Sometimes I'll just put some sentences from textbooks so that they can be an example about the proper composition of sentence in Latin.This way, everyone following this models will be able to make his own sentences.

A/

- Metella est mater
- Caecilius est pater
- Cerberus est canis

B/

- Canis in via stat (Canis stat in via)
- Coquus in culina dormit (Coquus dormit in culina) 
- Canis in via latrat (Canis latrat in via) 

Първи опит

Tu es deliciae
columbam similas

Flamma aeterna
ardet in mihi
Apertus liber

sum pro tibi
Ambulo per viam
Via longa est
Tuus pectus

est in fine

Ovid - Amores I - V

Aestus erat, mediamque dies exegerat horam;

adposui medio membra levanda toro.

pars adaperta fuit, pars altera clausa fenestrae;

quale fere silvae lumen habere solent,

qualia sublucent fugiente crepuscula Phoebo,

aut ubi nox abiit, nec tamen orta dies.

illa verecundis lux est praebenda puellis,

qua timidus latebras speret habere pudor.

ecce, Corinna venit, tunica velata recincta,

candida dividua colla tegente coma—

qualiter in thalamos famosa Semiramis isse

dicitur, et multis Lais amata viris.

Deripui tunicam—nec multum rara nocebat;

pugnabat tunica sed tamen illa tegi.

quae cum ita pugnaret, tamquam quae vincere nollet,

victa est non aegre proditione sua.

ut stetit ante oculos posito velamine nostros,

in toto nusquam corpore menda fuit.

quos umeros, quales vidi tetigique lacertos!

forma papillarum quam fuit apta premi!

quam castigato planus sub pectore venter!

quantum et quale latus! quam iuvenale femur!

Singula quid referam? nil non laudabile vidi

et nudam pressi corpus ad usque meum.

Cetera quis nescit? lassi requievimus ambo.

proveniant medii sic mihi saepe dies!