ab, a - away from, by
absque - without, but for
coram - in the presence of
cum - with
de - from
ex,e - out of
prae - in comparison with
pro - in front of, for
sine - without
tenus - up to, as far as
These can take both the acc and abl and if they take the abl, they mean:
in - in, on
sub - under
supra - concerning about
subter - under, below
They show relationship in space and time. Prepositions in Latin usually use accusative or ablative case. Some prepositions could be used with both the cases, but this changes their meaning.
A/ Prepositions that take the accusative
ad - towards
adversus - against
adversum - towards
ante - before
circa - around
circum - around
ciciter - about
cis, citra - this side
contra - against
erga - towards
extra - outside
infra - below
inter - among
intra - inside
iuxta - near
ab - on accounting of
penes - in the power of
pone - behind
per - through
post - behind
praeter - beyond
prope - near
propter - on account of
secundum - next to
supra - above
trans - accross
versus - towards
These can take both the acc and abl and if they take the acc, they mean:
in - into, onto
sub - up to
supra- above, beyond
subter - over upon, under, below
Mercator est probus (The merchant is honest) -Estne mercator probus? (Is the merchant honest?) (Tu) me pulchram putas (You find me beautiful) - Mene pulchram putas? (Do you find me beautiful?)
Lingam latinam amas (You love the Latin language) - Linguam latinam amatisne (Do you love the Latin language?)
Recitas ((You) read) - Recitasne? (Do you read)
B/ How to form a question when you expect "yes"as an answer (Questions with nonne)
Iudex iustus est - The judge is just - Nonne iudex iustus est? (The judge is just, right?)
Pompeianus es - (You) are from Pompey -Nonne pompeianus es? (Surely you are from Pompey, aren't you?)
Sanguis fluit - Blood is flowing - Nonne sanguis fluit? (Blood is flowing, isn't it?)
C/ Expect "no" as an answer (Questions with num)
Pompeianus es - (You) are from Pompey -Num pompeianus es? (You aren't from Pompey, are you?) Canes te terrent - The dogs frighten you -Num canes te terrent? (The dogs surely don't frighten you, do they?)
Sometimes I'll just put some sentences from textbooks so that they can be an example about the proper composition of sentence in Latin.This way, everyone following this models will be able to make his own sentences. A/
- Metella est mater
- Caecilius est pater
- Cerberus est canis
B/
- Canis in via stat (Canis stat in via) - Coquus in culina dormit (Coquus dormit in culina) - Canis in via latrat (Canis latrat in via)